Research Information — Fabric Pests (Book Lice, Carpet Beetles, Cloths Moths, Silverfish, Firebrats)
The most common fabric pest in North America is the carpet beetle. They live native in evergreen type trees and shrubs year around. Most customers will see these beetles trying to winter in their homes, eaves, or voids in walls. Then in the spring, instead of exiting the same way they came in, they end up inside. Most all fabric pests are specific to their living and eating habits. With a proper identification, a solution for their elimination can be determined with little to no use of pesticides.
Quick Facts
(click on an image to view its quick facts)
Book Lice
Carpet Beetles
Clothes Moths
Firebrat
Silverfish
Book Lice
Color: soft-bodied, transparent to grayish-white insects
Size: minute, about 1/32 to 3/16 inch (1 to 4 mm) long
Feeding & Habits: feed on microscopic molds, fungi, dead insect fragments, pollen, and other starchy foods found in humid environments such as houses, warehouses, libraries, and structures where green lumber is stored or used. Booklice are all females and development occurs from unfertilized eggs (parthenogenesis). Females deposit an average of 60 eggs that are white, oval, and covered with a crusty coating. Eggs are laid singly or in clusters near a food source where young white nymphs hatch and feed on molds and mildews. There are four to six nymphal stages with the immature resembling the adults in form and structure.
Carpet Beetles
Color: Adult black and brown carpet beetles are oval and shiny-blackish brown with brownish legs
Size: vary in body length from 1/8 to 3/16 inch
Feeding & Habits: Adults fly readily and during warm, sunny days feed outdoors on flower pollen of spirea, dogwood, crepe myrtle and buckwheat that have white or cream-colored flowers. Others feed on daisies, wild asters, etc. Adults are attracted by light, fly into homes and may be found on windows and screens.
Clothes Moths
Color: The body is about 1/4-inch long with wings folded and golden-yellow with a satiny sheen.
Size: Adult webbing clothes moths have a wingspread of about 1/2-inch. The body is about 1/4-inch long
Feeding & Habits: only clothes moth larvae feed on wool, feathers, fur, hair, leather, lint, dust, paper, and occasionally cotton, linen, silk, and synthetic fibers. They are especially damaging to fabric stained with beverages, urine, oil from hair, and sweat.
Firebrat
Color: shiny, mottled gray
Size: 1/3 to 1/2 inch long
Feeding & Habits: prefer carbohydrates and protein, including flour, dried meat, rolled oats, paper and even glue. They and can survive long periods, sometimes over a year, without food but are sensitive to moisture and require a high humidity (75% to 90%) to survive. They also have a temperature preference between 70 and 80 degrees F
Silverfish
Color: uniform silvery or pearl-gray color
Size: elongated bodies 1/3 to 3/4 inch long and broad near the head
Feeding & Habits: Eats a wide variety of foods, including glue, wallpaper paste, bookbinding’s, paper, photographs, and starch in clothing, cotton, linen, rayon fabrics, wheat flour, cereals, dried meats, leather and even dead insects. Live and develops in damp, cool places (prefers 75 to 95 percent relative humidity), often in the basement, bathroom and kitchen.
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